The guinea pig or domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also widely recognized as the cavy or domestic cavy, is a rodent species of the Caviidae family. The animal is generally referred to as a cavy by breeders, although it is more commonly referred to as a guinea pig in scientific and laboratory contexts. They were first domesticated as livestock for the purpose of providing meat, and they are still eaten in some parts of the world.
Since its arrival to Europe and North America by European traders in the 16th century, the guinea pig has become a common pet in Western culture. Guinea pigs have remained a common household pet due to their docile behavior, comfortable responsiveness to handling and eating, and relative ease of care. Guinea pig competitive breeding organizations have sprung up all over the country. Breeders choose a variety of specialized breeds with different hair colors and textures.